Several inheritable traits or congenital conditions in humans are classical examples of Mendelian inheritance: Their presence is controlled by a single gene that can either be of the autosomal-dominant or -recessive type. People that inherited at least one dominant gene from either parent usually present with the dominant form of the trait. Only those that received the recessive gene from both parents present with the recessive phenotype.

This mode of inheritance implies that the child of two parents that display the "recessive" genotype should also display the "recessive" phenotype. Should this not be the case, that would be an indicator (but not absolute proof) that one of the parents may not be the child's biological parent.

It also means the "recessive" phenotype may theoretically skip any number of generations, lying dormant in heterozygous individuals until they have children with someone who also has the recessive gene and both pass it on to their child.

These traits include:

• Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide
• Albinism (recessive)
• Blood type
• Brachydactyly (Shortness of fingers and toes)
• Cleft chin (dominant)
• Cheek dimples (dominant)
• Free (dominant) or attached (recessive) earlobes
• Wet (dominant) or dry (recessive) earwax
• Face freckles (dominant)
• Hitchhiker's thumb (recessive)
• Sexdactyly (Six fingers/toes)
• Sickle-cell trait (also considered co-dominant)
• Widow's peak (dominant)